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The Kingdom of God (and its related form Kingdom of Heaven in the Gospel of Matthew) is one of the key elements of the teachings of Jesus in the New Testament.〔''The Gospel of Matthew'' by R.T. France (21 Aug 2007) ISBN 080282501X pages 101-103〕 Drawing on Old Testament teachings, the Christian characterization of the relationship between God and humanity inherently involves the notion of the Kingship of God.〔〔 The Old Testament refers to "God the Judge of all" and the notion that all humans will eventually "be judged" is an essential element of Christian teachings.〔 Building on a number of New Testament passages, the Nicene Creed indicates that the task of judgment is assigned to Jesus.〔〔 The New Testament is written against the backdrop of Second Temple Judaism. The view of the kingdom developed during that time included a restoration of Israel to a Davidic Kingdom and the intervention of God in history via the Danielic Son of Man. The coming of the kingdom of God involved God finally taking back the reins of history, which he had allowed to slacken as pagan Empires had ruled the nations. Most Jewish sources imagine a restoration of Israel and either a destruction of the nations or a gathering of the nations to obedience to the One True God. Jesus stands firmly in this tradition. His association of his own person and ministry with the "coming of the kingdom" indicates that he perceives that God's great intervention in history has arrived, and that he is the agent of that intervention. His suffering and death, however, seem to cast doubt upon this (how could God's appointed king be killed) but his resurrection establishes his claim. The claim of his exaltation to the right hand of God establishes him as "king." Jesus' predictions of his return make it clear that God's kingdom is not yet fully realized according to inaugurated eschatology but in the meantime the good news that forgiveness of sins is available through his name is to be proclaimed to the nations. Thus the mission of the Church begins, and fills the time between the initial coming of the Kingdom, and its ultimate consummation with the Final Judgment. Any Christian interpretation or usage of the term "kingdom of God" needs to make sense of this historical framework. It must be consistent with the Jewish hope of a Messiah, the person and ministry of Jesus Christ, his death and resurrection, his return, and the rise of the Church in history. The term "kingdom of God" has been used to mean Christian lifestyle, a method of world evangelization, the rediscovery of charismatic gifts and many other things. Others relate it not to our present or future earthly situation, but to the world to come. The interpretation of the phrase is often based on the theological leanings of the scholar-interpreter.〔 A number of theological interpretations of the term Kingdom of God have thus appeared in its eschatological context, e.g., apocalyptic, realized or Inaugurated eschatologies, yet no consensus has emerged among scholars.〔〔 ==Etymology== The word Kingdom (in (ギリシア語:βασιλεία ) ''Basileia '') appears 162 times in the New Testament and most of these uses relate to either ''Basileia tou Theou'' (βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ), i.e. Kingdom of God or to ''Basileia tōn Ouranōn'', (Βασιλεία τῶν Ουρανῶν) i.e. Kingdom of Heaven in the Synoptic Gospels.〔''Theology for the Community of God'' by Stanley J. Grenz (Jan 31, 2000) ISBN 0802847552 page 473〕 Kingdom of God is translated to Latin as ''Regnum Dei'' and Kingdom of Heaven as ''Regnum caelorum''.〔''A Primer of Ecclesiastical Latin'' by John F. Collins (Aug 1985) ISBN 0813206677 page 176〕 PpKingdom of Heaven (''Basileia tōn Ouranōn'') appears 32 times in the Gospel of Matthew and nowhere else in the New Testament.〔''Matthew'' by David L. Turner (Apr 15, 2008) ISBN 0801026849 Baker Academic page 37〕 Matthew also uses the term Kingdom of God (''Basileia tou Theou'') in a handful of cases, but in these cases it may be difficult to distinguish his usage from Kingdom of Heaven (''Basileia tōn Ouranōn'').〔 There is general agreement among scholars that the term used by Jesus himself would have been "Kingdom of God".〔 Matthew's use for the term Kingdom of Heaven is generally seen as a parallel to the usage of Kingdom of God in Mark and Luke's gospels.〔 Matthew is likely to have used the term Heaven due to the fact that the background of his Jewish audience imposed restrictions on the frequent use of the name of God.〔''Matthew'' by David L. Turner (Apr 15, 2008) ISBN 0801026849 page 41〕 R.T. France suggests that in the few cases where Kingdom of God is used, Matthew seeks a more specific and personal reference to God and hence goes back to that term.〔''The Gospel of Matthew'' by R.T. France (21 Aug 2007) ISBN 080282501X page 480〕 Many scholars today prefer to call the Kingdom of God the "Reign of God," which avoids the patriarchal language of Kingship. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of God (Christianity)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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